Soil Mechanics: Relative Density of Granural Soils What is Relative Density in Granural Soils? Relative Density is used to describe the state of compactness of granural soils compared to their loosest and densest possible states. It can be expressed using…
Statics of Rigid Bodies Engineering Mechanics is the field that deals with how forces affect the motion or rest of objects. Statics, in particular, is the study of bodies that do not accelerate, either because they are at rest or…
How to Estimate Reinforcements in Columns Reinforced concrete columns are the backbone of modern construction, transferring loads from beams and slabs to foundations. Column reinforcement is becoming not only a structural necessity but a critical design element; here’s how we…
How AI Can Help Solve Structural Failures Before They Happen In the engineering field, it is important to be meticulous during the design phase because the overall structural integrity of buildings depends on it, and that’s what keeps structural engineers…
How to Estimate Excavation in Earthworks for Civil Engineers Steps in Excavation Work in Construction Excavation is not just digging. It follows a step-by-step sequence:1. Site Clearing – This clears around the work area and defining the excavation limits. 2.…
How to Estimate Footing: Calculating Reinforcements When a footing carries a column load, it needs reinforcement bars (rebars) to resist the tension caused by bending and soil pressure. As an estimator, our job is not to design the footing, it’s…
Estimating Concrete Works Basic Components of Plain Concrete 1 Cement It serves as the binder, it holds everything together once mixed with water. Mostly made of lime and silica plus a few other minerals. 2. Fine Aggregates Particles that pass…
Computing Masonry Works What is Masonry? Masonry is the construction of structures using individual units bonded together with mortar. The most common units are: Estimating Concrete Hollow Blocks CONCRETE HOLLOW BLOCKS Step 1: Determine the Wall Area A wall is…
understanding Weirs in Fluid Mechanics What you’ll learn Weirs are one of the simplest and most practical tools in open channel flow. In many rural places such as rural irrigation systems, remote streams, small treatment plants; there’s no budget for…
Principles of Fluid flow, Discharge and Continuity Equation Basic Principles of Fluid Flows Conservation of Mass It states that “Matter cannot be created nor destroyed.” Conservation of Energy It states that “Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Conservation of Momentum…
