How to Estimate Excavation in Earthworks for Civil Engineers Introduction Excavation is one of the first things that happens on almost every construction site. Before you can build a road, pour a foundation, or install utilities, you need to move…
How to Estimate Footing: Calculating Reinforcements When a footing carries a column load, it needs reinforcement bars (rebars) to resist the tension caused by bending and soil pressure. As an estimator, our job is not to design the footing, it’s…
Estimating Concrete Works for Slab, Footing, and Columns Walk onto any construction site and you’ll see concrete everywhere. Foundations anchoring the structure into the ground. Floor slabs spanning between supports. Columns carrying loads from above. Beams transferring forces across spans.…
Masonry Works: Estimating CHB, Mortar, and Plaster Whether you’re a contractor, engineer, or a student, knowing how to estimate Concrete Hollow Blocks (CHB), mortar, and plaster can save time, reduce waste, and control costs. What is Masonry? Masonry is the…
understanding Weirs in Fluid Mechanics Weirs are one of the simplest and most practical tools in open channel flow. In many rural places such as rural irrigation systems, remote streams, small treatment plants; there’s no budget for sensors or flow…
Principles of Fluid flow, Discharge and Continuity Equation Basic Principles of Fluid Flows Conservation of Mass It states that “Matter cannot be created nor destroyed.” Conservation of Energy It states that “Energy cannot be created nor destroyed. Conservation of Momentum…
Principle Behind Stability of Floating Bodies In Fluid Mechanics, fundamentals of stability on floating bodies are crucial when planning to build ships, floating bridges, and sea platforms. A floating body can stay steady at its new position after tilting (stable), drift…
Understanding Buoyancy Meaning and formulas What you’ll learn: What is Buoyancy? Buoyancy, to put it simply, is the upward-directed force a fluid exerts on an object that’s been immersed into it. What’s happening here? The pressure at the bottom of…
Turbulence vs Laminar Flow When the fluid flows through a pipe, an object, or some circumstance (slope), it can behave different from its original state. For example, when water flows steadily from a river downhill to a waterfall, the steady…
Fluid Mechanics DEFINITIONFluid Mechanics is a branch of engineering that with the properties of the fluid at rest or in motion. Fluid Mechanics In Civil Engineering, is taught in schools for us to understand how fluids behave may it be…
