Soil Properties

Soil is a three phase system which consists of solid, liquid and gaseous matter.

Volume Relationships

Void Ratio
Porosity
Degree of Saturation
Air Content

Weight Relationships

Moisture or Water Content
Unit Weight or Moist Unit Weight
Dry Unit Weight

Water Content

it is defined as the weight of water to weight of solid present in the given

note that:

we can derive:

Void Ratio

is the ratio of the volume of voids (air and water) to the volume of solid particles in soil.

Porosity

refers to the ratio of volume of voids to the volume of soil in the soil mass.

Other formulas derived from it, the relationship between the void ratio e, and the porosity n is given by:

Degree of Saturation

is the fraction of voids filled with water.

Unit Weight

Dry Unit Weight

Saturated Unit Weight

Specific Gravity

Effective Unit Weight