Derivatives At its core, a derivative measures how a function’s output value changes as its input value changes. In simpler terms, it calculates the slope of the tangent line to the curve of a function at any given point. Mathematically,…
Limits Sum Law for Limits Find the limit of as x approaches 1. Difference Law for Limits Find the limit of as x approaches 3. Constant Law for Limits Find the limit of as x approaches 1. Product Law for…
Why is it important to calculate the weight? ✓ Steel is Sold by Weight, not by Pieces ✓ Quantity Surveyor uses Bill of Quantities (BOQ) and it is based on mass not pieces ✓ Structural Design Calculations are based on…
Structural engineers may encounter buildings that have asymmetries and geometric irregularities in their structures; these are vulnerable to earthquakes and other dynamic forces. By identifying and addressing these issues in the design phase, engineers can improve a building’s resilience and…
Foundations are essentially the backbone of a structure. They provide strength, stability, and defense against uneven settlement or shifting by distributing a building’s weight to the ground underneath. Understanding the various types of foundations is crucial for anyone studying civil…
50 Civil Engineering Formulas You Must Know
Quantity surveying in metal reinforcements plays a crucial role in construction projects, ensuring that the correct amount of steel reinforcement is used while optimizing costs. Steel is the most widely used reinforcing material in the construction world. While concrete is…
SIMPLE STRESS What you’ll learn In Strength of Materials, one of the key concepts to grasp is simple stress—the fundamental internal resistance that a material develops when subjected to external forces. Whether it’s a beam, rod, or column, understanding stress…
Hydrostatic forces on Surfaces is a fundamental concept in fluid mechanics, understanding how forces act on submerged surfaces.
Water Treatment plays a crucial role in ensuring a clean and safe water for our daily use. There are two stages in water treatment namely primary water treatment, which primary involves the removal of large impurities and suspended solids, and…
